Hoʻohana nui ʻia ka hao hao a me ka ductile iron butterfly valves no ka mālama kahe ʻana i nā ʻoihana like ʻole, akā ʻokoʻa lākou i nā waiwai waiwai, hana, a me nā noi. Aia ma lalo kahi hoʻohālikelike kikoʻī e kōkua iā ʻoe e hoʻomaopopo i nā ʻokoʻa a koho i ka valve i kūpono i kāu mau pono.
1. Ka Hui Mea
1.1 ʻO ka ʻūpepa ʻaʻa hao hao:
- Ka hao hao hina, he hao hao me ka nui kalapona maʻiʻo (2-4%).
- Ma muli o kona microstructure, aia ke kalapona ma ke ʻano o ka flake graphite. ʻO kēia hana ka mea e haki ai ka mea ma ka graphite flakes ma lalo o ke koʻikoʻi, e hoʻoheheʻe a emi ʻole ka maʻalahi.
- Hoʻohana maʻamau i nā noi haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa a koʻikoʻi ʻole.
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- Hana ʻia mai ka hao ductile (ʻike pū ʻia ʻo ka nodular graphite cast iron a i ʻole ductile iron), aia i loko o ka magnesium a i ʻole cerium liʻiliʻi, nāna e puʻunaue i ka graphite ma ke ʻano spherical (nodular). Hoʻomaikaʻi nui kēia ʻano i ka ductility a me ka paʻakikī o ka mea.
- ʻOi aku ka ikaika, ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi, a me ka liʻiliʻi o ka haʻihaʻi ma mua o ka hao.
2. Pono Mechanical
2.1 Hao hoolei hina:
- Ka ikaika: Ka ikaika tensile haʻahaʻa (maʻamau 20,000–40,000 psi).
- Ductility: ʻAhaʻi, ʻoluʻolu i ka luhi ma lalo o ke kaumaha a i ʻole ka hopena.
- Ke kū'ē i ka hopena: Haʻahaʻa, hiki ke haʻihaʻi ma lalo o nā haʻawe hikiwawe a i ʻole ka haʻalulu wela.
- Kū'ē Corrosion: Kūleʻa, ma muli o ke kaiapuni a me ka uhi.
2.2 Hao ʻulaʻula:
- Ka ikaika: Hoʻemi ka graphite spherical i nā wahi koʻikoʻi koʻikoʻi, e hopena i ka ikaika tensile kiʻekiʻe (maʻamau 60,000–120,000 psi).
- Ductility: ʻoi aku ka ductile, e ʻae i ka deformation me ka ʻole o ka haki ʻana.
- Ke kū'ē i ka hopena: maikaʻi loa, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi e kū i ka haʻalulu a me ka haʻalulu.
- Pale ʻino: E like me ka hao hao, akā hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia me nā uhi a i ʻole nā linings.
3. Ka hana a me ka lōʻihi
3.1 ʻO nā ʻōpeʻa lele hao hao:
- He kūpono no nā noi haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa (e laʻa, a hiki i 150-200 psi, ma muli o ka hoʻolālā).
- Kiʻekiʻe heheʻe helu (a hiki i 1150 ° C) a me ka maikaʻi loa thermal conductivity (kūpono no ka vibration damping noi, e like me braking system).
- ʻAʻole maikaʻi ke kūpaʻa ʻana i nā koʻikoʻi koʻikoʻi, no laila ʻaʻole kūpono lākou no ka haʻalulu kiʻekiʻe a i ʻole ka hoʻouka ʻana i nā kaiapuni.
- Ke kaumaha maʻamau, hiki ke hoʻonui i nā kumukūʻai hoʻokomo.
3.2 ʻO nā pāpaʻi pulupulu hao hao:
- Hiki ke hoʻopaʻa i nā kaomi kiʻekiʻe (e laʻa, a hiki i 300 psi a ʻoi aku paha, ma muli o ka hoʻolālā).
- Ma muli o kona ikaika kiʻekiʻe a me ka maʻalahi, ʻaʻole e haki ka hao ductile ma lalo o ka piko a i ʻole ka hopena, ma kahi o ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka plastically, e like me ke kumu "hoʻolālā paʻakikī" o ka ʻepekema mea hou. ʻOi aku kēia i kūpono no nā noi koi.
- ʻOi aku ka lōʻihi i nā kaiapuni me nā loli wela a i ʻole ke kaumaha mechanical.
4. Nā Kūlana Noi
4.1 ʻO nā ʻōpeʻa lele hao hao:
- Hoʻohana maʻamau i nā ʻōnaehana HVAC.
- Hoʻohana ʻia i nā ʻōnaehana koʻikoʻi ʻole kahi mea nui ke kumukūʻai. - He kūpono no nā wai haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa e like me ka wai, ka ea, a i ʻole nā kinoea non-corrosive (chloride ion <200 ppm).
4.2 ʻO nā pāpaʻi paʻi hao hao:
- He kūpono no ka hoʻolako ʻana i ka wai a me ka mālama ʻana i ka wai ʻino me ke kūʻokoʻa a i ʻole nā mea hoʻoheheʻe haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa (pH 4-10).
- He kūpono no nā ʻoihana ʻenehana, me ka ʻaila a me ke kinoea, ka hoʻoili kemika, a me nā ʻōnaehana wai kiʻekiʻe.
- Hoʻohana ʻia i nā ʻōnaehana e koi ana i ka hilinaʻi kiʻekiʻe, e like me nā ʻōnaehana pale ahi a i ʻole nā paipu me nā kaomi fluctuating.
- He kūpono no nā wai ʻino ʻē aʻe ke hoʻohana ʻia me kahi lining kūpono (e laʻa, EPDM, PTFE).
5. Kumukuai
5.1 Ka hao:
Ma muli o kāna kaʻina hana maʻalahi a me nā kumukūʻai haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi. He kūpono ia no nā papahana me nā kālā liʻiliʻi a me nā koi koi liʻiliʻi. ʻOiai ʻaʻole maʻalahi ka hao, ʻo kona palupalu e alakaʻi i ka hoʻololi pinepine ʻana a me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka ʻōpala.
5.2 Hao ʻulaʻula:
Ma muli o ke kaʻina hana alloying a me ka hana kiʻekiʻe, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ke kumukūʻai. No nā noi e koi ana i ka lōʻihi a me ka ikaika, kūpono ke kumukūʻai kiʻekiʻe. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka ductile hao ma muli o kona kiʻekiʻe recyclability (>95%).
6. Nā Kūlana a me nā kiko'ī
- Hoʻokō nā valve ʻelua i nā kūlana e like me API 609, AWWA C504, a i ʻole ISO 5752, akā hoʻokō maʻamau nā kiwi hao ductile i nā koi ʻoihana kiʻekiʻe no ke kaomi a me ka lōʻihi.
- Hoʻohana maʻamau ʻia nā pahu hao ductile i nā noi e koi ana i ka hoʻokō ʻana i nā kūlana ʻoihana ikaika.
7. Ka ʻino a me ka mālama ʻana
- He maʻalahi nā mea ʻelua i ka corrosion ma nā wahi paʻakikī, akā ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka ikaika o ka hao ductile i ka hui ʻana me nā pale pale e like me ka epoxy a i ʻole ka nickel coatings.
- Pono paha nā kiwi hao hoʻoheheʻe i ka mālama pinepine ʻana i nā kaiapuni corrosive a i ʻole koʻikoʻi.
8. Papa hōʻuluʻulu
| Hiʻona | Pahu Lepepe hao hao | ʻO ka pāpaʻi paʻi hao hao |
| Mea waiwai | hao hina hina, palupalu | Nodular hao, ductile |
| Ikaika U'i | 20,000–40,000 psi | 60,000–120,000 psi |
| ʻO ka ductility | Haʻahaʻa, palupalu | Kiʻekiʻe, maʻalahi |
| Paʻi Paʻi | Haʻahaʻa (150–200 psi) | ʻOi aku (300 psi a ʻoi aku paha) |
| Kū'ē i ka hopena | ʻilihune | Maikaʻi |
| Nā noi | HVAC, wai, ʻōnaehana koʻikoʻi ʻole | Aila/ea, kemika, pale ahi |
| Koina | lalo | Kiʻekiʻe |
| Pale ʻino | Maikaʻi (me nā uhi) | Maikaʻi (ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi me nā uhi) |
9. Pehea e koho ai?
- E koho i ka pahu lele hao hao ina:
- Pono ʻoe i kahi hopena kūpono no ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, nā noi koʻikoʻi ʻole e like me ka lako wai a i ʻole HVAC.
- Ke hana nei ka ʻōnaehana ma kahi ʻano paʻa me ka liʻiliʻi o ke koʻikoʻi a i ʻole ka haʻalulu.
- E koho i ka ipu hao ductile butterfly inā:
- Hoʻopili ka noi i ke kaomi kiʻekiʻe, nā haʻahaʻa ikaika, a i ʻole nā wai corrosive.
- ʻO ka paʻa, ka hopena hopena, a me ka hilinaʻi lōʻihi ka mea nui.
- Pono ka palapala noi i nā ʻōnaehana ʻoihana a koʻikoʻi paha e like me ka pale ahi a i ʻole ka hana kemika.
10. Manaʻo ZFA VALVE
Ma ke ʻano he mea hana me nā makahiki he nui o ka ʻike i nā valve butterfly, ʻōlelo ʻo ZFA Valve i ka hao ductile. ʻAʻole wale ʻo ia e hana maikaʻi, akā hōʻike pū ʻia nā kiwi lele hao ductile i ke kūpaʻa ʻokoʻa a me ka hoʻololi ʻana i nā kūlana hana paʻakikī a me ka hoʻololi ʻana, e hōʻemi maikaʻi ana i ka pinepine o ka mālama ʻana a me nā kumukūʻai hoʻololi, e hopena i ke kumu kūʻai kiʻekiʻe i ka wā lōʻihi. Ma muli o ka emi ʻana o ka noi no ka hao hina hina, ua hoʻopau mālie ʻia nā kiwi lele lele. Mai kahi hiʻohiʻona maka, ke lilo nei ka hemahema.